Resistor capacitor and inductor circuits

RC and RL circuits

Application of RC and RL circuits:

These circuits are used in most of the devices and circuits……..

1.      It is used in electronics

2.      Communication

3.      Control system

Note:

Ø  When we apply Kirchhoff law on passive network then we then the answer will be in algebraic equations……………

Ø  If we use Kirchhoff law in RC and RL circuit then the answer will be in Differential Equations…………..

First order network:

A order circuit is characteristic by first order differential equations is called first order network

Excitation:

When the circuit is on or run is called excitation……

There are to type of excitation …

1.      When independent source is present ……

2.      When circuit is source free  (mean no external independent source is present)  

So there are four states in RC and RL analysis

Source free	RC circuit
Dc source	RC circuit
Source free	RL circuit
Dc source	RL circuit

Source free RC circuits

Source free RC circuit occurs when DC source disconnect and store energy of capacitor flow through the passive elements

This is the equivalent circuit of RC circuit in C is capacitor and R is equivalent resistance.

We find the response of the circuit when the DC source is disconnected and the decay and raise of the voltage of capacitors.

When the DC source is disconnected then at time t=0 it means the capacitor is fully charged.

t=0 then the capacitor is fully charged at that time voltage of capacitor of voltage is Vo

Energy store at that time is

 W=1/2(CV square)

 the voltage response of the circuits where A is a constant

V(t)=A exp(-t/RC)

So the circuit response of the circuit is exponential decay is called natural response

Natural Response:

                               When no external response is connected then the response of the circuit is natural response and in this case as dc course is disconnect so it is natural response of the circuit

                                                                                                                                                       

Time constant τ

How rapidly the Vo decay and raise it is called time constant

It is time required for the response of decay by the factor
  1/e =36.8% of Vo

                                                                                                                                    

Charging or discharging of capacitor:

                               5τ  is the charging or discharging time of the capacitor

                           With this time a capacitor is fully charged or discharge

for more detail view this link:
note in this link formulas may not shown so please download it so that you can see formulas

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B8WnAMWZn9bUVVJlT1NKOUJTMlk/edit?usp=sharing

What is Cable Tray?

Cable Tray

In the wiring of a building cable trays are used to support electrical Cables it is also used for distribution of power and communication in the factories. it is also used in those ares or field where changing of cables are required and by the use of cables we can easily change and fixed wires or the cable trays instead of pulling them through the wire

  Today cable tray is a necessary part of the industrial and commercial areas. it is used to carry to all the type of cables like:

• High voltage power lines in factories
• Power Distribution Cables
• it is used in telecommunication 
• it is also used for optical cables

 Material used for Cable tray

The choice of materiel depend upon the environment of installation of cable tray and its cost.

these materials are used in the manufacturing of cable tray.

1.  Aluminum 
2.  stainless steel
3. steel

Aluminum:

• It is used for high strength to weight ratio
• it is 50% light then steel
• it no need to maintenance .
• Aluminum cable tray are non magnetic and electric losses are minimum.

Steel:

•  Steel cable tray have high strength and low in cost that is why we used this type of cable tray.
•  But it have high in weight , low electrical conductivity 
• it have  reality poor corrosion  resistance.
• we used steel cable tray for those places which are free of moisture . 

Stainless steel:

• it offered high yield strength and high creep strength at high temperature
• these cable trays are made formed AISI type 316 steel.
• it have resistance of organic chemical and inorganic chemicals.
• it is also have high resistance  of corrosion.

            Types of cable tray

1. Ladder Type cable tray
2. Solid bottom cable tray
3. Trough cable tray
4. Channel cable tray
5. Wire Mesh cable tray
6. Single Rail cable tray

 These are the six types of cable tray which are used to in industries..........................

 

Auto Cad

Important Commands that used In CAD

Auto cad is an engineering designing software in which we make a soft form of an  object

in this we use different types of command for different purposes

some important and conmanly used command are given blew with these short key
Some important commands are mention in Red color

 

Function keys
Shortcut	Command	Function of command
F1	Help	it open auto cad help
F2	Textscr or Graphscr	it act as switch between graphic area and text
F3	Osnap	it switch osnap that help in finding the edges of body
F4	3Dosnap	it on or off 3d osnap
F5	isoplane	cycles through isoplane in auto cad
F6	Coords	It turns the coordinate display on screen
F7	Grid	it turn on or off the grid
F8	Ortho	it on or off Ortho
F9	Snap	it turn on or off snap
F10	Polar	it turn on or off polar
F11	Osnap track	turn object snap tracking off or on
F12	Dynimode	it on or off dynamic input
Inquiryof Object
Shortcut	Command	Function of command
AA	Area	Calculate the area of object
DI	Dist	Calculate the distance and angle
Ddptype	Ddptype	Open point style dialogue box
ID	ID	it show the coordinate value of a point
LI	List	it tell the information about the object in display window
massprop	massprop	it calculate the mass proprieties of the solid
PR	properties	open properties dialogue box
Whohas	Whohas	tell who has a drawing open
Xlist	Xlist	open list of the types of lines ,color etc
Screen manage
Shortcut	Function of command
Clt+0	Clean screen
Clt+1	property palette
Clt+2	Design center palette
Clt+3	tool palette
Clt+4	sheet set palette
Clt+6	BC connect manger
Clt+7	mark up set manager palette
Clt+8	quick calculator
Clt+9	command line
Manage Drawing
Clt+n	new drawing
Clt+s	save drawing
Clt+o	open drawing
Clt+Tab	click to next tab
Clt+q	exit
Clt+A	select all objects
Important Drawing Commands
Shortcut	Command	Function of command
A	Arc	Arc
Bo	Boundary	Draw the boundary of the objects
C	Circle	Draw the cycle
T	Mtext	Multi line Text
DT	Text	Draw single line text
St	Ddsytle	open text sytle box
POL	Polygon	I will draw a polygon
EL	Ellipse	Draw a Ellipse
F	Fillet	Draw the arc between two inserted lines
H	Hatch	Open Hatch and gradient dialogue box
L	Line	Draw a line
Xl	Xl	Line of infinite length
lead	leader	draw leader line with annotation
O	Offset	It means offset a body by a distance
Ray	Ray	it draw a line which is in one direction
Rec	Rectang	it draw a rectangle
La	Layer	BY this we can open layer manager
D	Dimsytle	It will open dimension style manger box
Dal	Dalinged	it will show the dimension of straight line
Dan	Dangular	it will show the dimension of an angle
Ddi	Ddiameter	it will show the diameter of a arc and circle
Dli	Dlinear	linear dimension
Dra	Dradius	Will show radius of circle and arc
UN	units	it will open drawing units dialogue box
Br	break	break the line at two points
CO	copy	copy the object
E	Erase	Erase a Objects
F	Fllite	draw arc between two lines
M	Move	move the object
MI	Mirror	make mirror of an object
RO	rotate	rotate an object
Tr	Trim	To trim write (tr) then click enter twice
SC	Scale	change the scale of the object
End	endpoint	to end the line
Mid	midpoint	to find the mid point of a line etc

Thanks..............................
Please give your comments...............................