Lab Manuals, Electronic Devices and Circuits,Superior University Lahore

Lab Manuals   Electronic Devices and circuit Theory
FET Superior University Lahore
From 1 to 14
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Solution Manual, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory Tenth Edition Robert L. Boylestad Louis Nashelsky

Book Solution Manual, Electronic Devices and circuit Theory
Aouthor Robert L. Boylestad Louis Nashelsky
Edtion 10th Edition
Type Foxit Reader PDF Document (.pdf)
Availability Available online

Difference between Bjts and Fet

There are many difference between Fet and Bjts

Bjts: bipolar junction transistor

A bjts ( bipolar junction transistor ) a types of transistor...........
its operation depend upon two types of semiconductors like P type and N type materials.........

   BJTs can be used as amplifies switches, or in oscillator. 
  BJTs can be found either as individual discrete components, or in large numbers as 
parts of integration circuits

1.  bipolar junction transistor is lager in size as compare to fet
2.  bjts have very low resistance approximately in ohms that why bjts burn when 
large voltage is applied
3.  bjt's devices have dependent currents for example collector current in transistor 
is depend upon base current and beta
4.  beta is not constant in every case but in bjts beta show very large variation with 
temperatur

Fet: field effecting transistor

The field-effect transistor is a transistor that uses an electric field to control  shape 
and hence the conductivity of the channel of one type of charge carrier in a 
semiconductor material....................

   FETs are unipolar transistors as they involve single-carrier-type operation. 
  The concept of the FET predates the bjts, though 
  it was not physically implemented until after BJTs due to the limitations 
of semiconductor meterial and the relative ease of manufacturing BJTs 
compared to FETs at the time.

1.  The size of fet is very small as compare to bjts
2.  fet have a large internal resistance about in maga ohms so it can bear large 
voltage without dammage
3.  fet have depended voltage instead of dependent current 
4.   value of beta also vary in fet but in fet variation of beta is very small it is 
negligible                                          

Transistor Basics

 

Transistor Basics

what is Transistor?

Transistor is a three semiconductor pin device it is invented by three scientists at the bell laboratories  in 1947. it is made by three layers of doped semiconductors and it constant three terminals 

 Before 1947 we used vacuum tube instead of transistor therefore the electronic devices had large size

for example : first computer in this world is very large because in it Big vacuum tubes are use instead of transistor and a large Equipments and energy was required to maintain these tubes...................

Types of Transistors :

There are basically two types of transistor these are:

1. PNP transistor
2. NPN transistor

PNP transistor

A pnp transistor is a transistor in which n type material is sandwich between two p type semiconductor materials In PNP transistor IE current is emitting from the emitter terminal.

NPN transistor

 A npn transistor is a transistor in which p type material is sandwich between two n type semiconductor materials. In NPN transistor IE current is Entering in the emitter terminal.

mostly npn transistors is used in Electronic Devices

Parts of Transistor :

There Are three important part of  Transistors:

1. Emitter:  Emitter is that comment of the transistor in which max.. current flow       IE>IC>IB
2. Base:      It is the smallest part of transistor and it is lightly doped in this parts IB Current  flow which is very small about in micro amperes
3. collector: Collector is that part of the transistor which is highly doped as compare to emitter and base  

important  Terms used in Transistor :

Important terms used in transistor are:

• Collector current                   IC
• Emitter current                       IE 
• Base current                           IB 
• Beta                                       B   
• Alpha                                     a
• Collector to emitter voltage   VCE
• Base Emitter voltage                       VBE  
• Collector Voltage                   Vcc
•  Emitter voltage                     VEE   

Note:

when diode is operating then emitter base junction is forward base and collector base junction is reversed based

  Configurationof transistor

transistor is used in the circuits in different way for achieve different purposes and these configurations are these:

1. Common base configuration
2. Fixed base configuration
3. Emitter base configuration
4. Voltage divider configuration
5. Common Emitter configuration
6. Feed back configuration

  Important Formulas used in  transistor are:

1.   IE = IB +IC  
2. IE=(B+1)  IB 
3. IE=IC   because IB  approximately zero
4. IC = BIB
5. VCE= Vcc-IBRB -IERE
6.   a=IC/IE

 Used of transistor

Transistor are used for many purposes some are these:

1. It is used as inverter 
2. it is also used for switch 
3. it is used for as amplifier

Thank You.....................................

Please give your Comments.................................

 

 

 

Diodes and Its types

Diodes and Its types

What is Diode?

  " Diode is a semiconductor device it has two terminals . Diode has Unidirectional property it means it flow the current only in one direction And avoid the flow of current in other side"

What is semiconductor?

Semiconductor are those materiel in which energy gap between Conduction band d and valance band is about 5Mev it means it can pass flow of electron only in particular conditions

Doping:

Doping is a process in which we add purines in a pure substance 

Construction of Diode:

 A diode is made by two type of materiel one is p type materiel and other is N type materiel

To make a diode we flow these steps

1. We take a semiconductor materiel of silicon because is cheap and silicon is very effective.
2. we doped one side of the silicon by pentavalent materiel to make n type materiel which have electron as majority carrier impurity is adding in very small quantity eg: one atom of impurity is adding in ten lac atom of silicon.
3. after that we add trivalent impurities in the other part of silicon materiel to make p type which have electrons as majority carrier
4. when p type and n type materiel are are joined then a pn juction is made between them  
5. by these step diode  are made diode are made in industries

 Uses of diode: 

Diode is use for  multi purposes in the electronic industries .

Some of the uses are:

• it is use to allow flow of the current uni direction in the circuit
• it is use in full wave ratification.
• it is used in half wave ratification .
•  it is use in clipper to cut the wave in the circuits

Types of the Diode

 There different types are diodes are available in the markets some of them are:

1. Light emitting diode
2. Avalanche diode
3. Zenger Diode
4. Scohotty diode
5. Laser diode
6. Photo diode
7. Vartactor diode 
8. Rectifier diode
9. Small signal diode
10. Large signal diode
11. Transient voltage suppression diodes
12. Gold Doped diode
13. Super barrier diode
14. Point contact diode
15. Peltier diode
16. Gunn diode
17. crystal diode
18. silicon controlled rectifier
19. Vacuum diode

Thank you.........................................................
Please give your comments........................................................